I finally got this working after a lot of messing around. As stated very briefly in the reference below and by Erland above the Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012 Native Client is old and no longer used. The "replacement" appears to be enabling protocols in "SQL Server Client Network Utility".
Enabling protocols in "SQL Server Client Network Utility":
- Open a command prompt
- Type "cliconfg.exe"
- Enable: TCP/IP
- Enable: Nambed Pipes
Reference: https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/discussions/sql_server/missing-client-protocols/4193681
Windows 11 Pro
SQL Server 2025
SSMS 22
Umbraco 17.0.0