This drove me crazy back in 2022 for about 2 months until I found the cause and a work around....to clarify my answer is specific to VPN clients connecting in over VPN and trying to access remote resources.
I have found that navigating to:
C:\Users\Username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Network\Connections\Pbk
and modifying the "rasphone" file (using notepad) can fix these issues by simply changing the UseRasCredentials from "1" to "0".
It would appear that the new default behavior (post the June 2022 update) is for the OS to try and use the VPN user credentials in place of any local user accounts or domain accounts on the machine being connected to. So, turning this off allows the system to use the credentials you want.
NOTE:
The rasphone file could be in a different location depending on how the VPN connection was setup, but it is usually in that folder.