Define rollup columns that aggregate values

Article
04/30/2024

Rollup columns help users obtain insights into data by monitoring key business metrics. A rollup column contains an aggregate value computed over the rows related to a specified row. This includes regular tables and activity tables such as emails and appointments.

In more complex scenarios, you can aggregate data over the hierarchy of rows. As an administrator or customizer, you can define rollup columns by using the customization tools in Power Apps, without needing to write code.

Rollup columns benefits and capabilities

The benefits and capabilities of rollup columns include:

Visual editing is easy. You can create rollup columns by using the Column Editor, just like you do when you create a regular column.
Wide selection of aggregate functions. You can aggregate data by using the following functions: SUM, COUNT, MIN, MAX and AVG.
Full filter support for aggregation. You can set various filters for the source table or related table while setting multiple conditions.
Seamless integration with the user interface. You can include the rollup columns in forms, views, charts, and reports.
Rollup columns are solution components. You can easily transport the rollup columns as components between environments and distribute them in solutions.
Rollup columns and the calculated columns are complementary to each other. You can use a rollup column as a part of the calculated column, and vice versa.
You can configure rollup columns to use custom controls.

Some examples of rollup columns include:

Total estimated revenue of open opportunities of an account
Total estimated revenue of open opportunities across all accounts in a hierarchy
Total estimated revenue of an opportunity including child opportunities
Total estimated value of qualified leads generated by a campaign
Number of high priority open cases across all accounts in a hierarchy
Earliest created time of all high priority open cases for an account

Each Rollup column creates two accessory columns with <columnname>_date and <columnname>_state suffix pattern. The _date column contains DateTime data and _state column contains Integer data. The _state column has the following values:

Value	State	Description
0	NotCalculated	The column value is yet to be calculated.
1	Calculated	The column value has been calculated per the last update time in _date column.
2	OverflowError	The column value calculation resulted in overflow error.
3	OtherError	The column value calculation failed due to an internal error. The following run of the calculation job will likely fix it.
4	RetryLimitExceeded	The column value calculation failed because the maximum number of retry attempts to calculate the value was exceeded due to high number of concurrency and locking conflicts.
5	HierarchicalRecursionLimitReached	The column value calculation failed because the maximum hierarchy depth limit for the calculation was reached.
6	LoopDetected	The column value calculation failed because a recursive loop was detected in the hierarchy of the row.
7	CurrencyMissing	The column value calculation failed because the required field currency is missing.

Rollup calculations

The rollups are calculated by scheduled system jobs that run asynchronously in the background. You have to be an administrator to view and manage the rollup jobs.

View Rollup jobs

To view rollup jobs:

Sign in to Power Apps, and then select the environment you want.
Select Settings (gear) > Advanced settings.
Select Settings > System Jobs.
In the view selector, choose Recurring System Jobs.
To quickly find a relevant job, you can filter by the System Job type: Mass Calculate Rollup Field or Calculate Rollup Field.

Mass Calculate Rollup Field

Mass Calculate Rollup Field is a recurring job, created for each rollup column. It runs once, after you create or update a rollup column. The job recalculates the specified rollup column value in all existing records that contain this column. By default, the job will run 12 hours after you have created or updated a column. When the column is modified, the job resets to run again in 12 hours after the update. The 12-hour delay is needed to assure that the Mass Calculate Rollup Field runs during the nonoperational hours of the environment.

We recommend that an administrator adjusts the start time of a Mass Calculate Rollup Field job after the rollup column is created or modified, in such a way that it runs during nonoperational hours. For example, midnight would be a good time to run the job to assure efficient processing of the rollup columns.

Notice that, when the situation occurs where the rollup column is never updated, the Mass Calculate Rollup Field job won't run again for that column until after 10 years have passed. This behavior is by design. When there aren't any updates in the underlying columns associated with the rollup field, there isn't any reason to run the job more frequently.

Calculate Rollup Column

Calculate Rollup Field is a recurring job that does incremental calculations of all rollup columns in the existing rows for a specified table. There's only one Calculate Rollup Field job per table. The incremental calculations mean that the Calculate Rollup Field job processes the rows that were created, updated, or deleted after the last Mass Calculate Rollup Field job finished execution. The default minimum recurrence setting is one hour. The job is automatically created when the first rollup column on a table is created and deleted when the last rollup column is deleted.

Online recalculation option

The rollup column on the form displays a calculator image, rollup value, and the time of the last calculation. To recalculate, select the calculator image, and then select the Recalculate button that appears.

Rollup column on the account form.

There are a few considerations you should keep in mind when using the online recalculation option (manual refresh on the form):

You must have Write privileges on the table and Write access rights on the source row on which you're requesting the Refresh. For example, if you're calculating the estimated revenue from the open opportunities of an account, you don't have to have Write privileges on the opportunity table, only on the account table.
This option is only available in the online mode. You can't use it while working offline.
The maximum number of rows during the rollup refresh is limited to 50,000 rows. In case of the hierarchical rollup, this applies to the related rows across the hierarchy. If the limit is exceeded, you see an error message: Calculations can't be performed online because the calculation limit of 50,000 related rows has been reached. This limit doesn't apply when the rollup is automatically recalculated by the system jobs.
The maximum hierarchy depth is limited to 10 for the source row. If the limit is exceeded, you see an error message: Calculations can't be performed online because the hierarchy depth limit of 10 for the source row has been reached. This limit doesn't apply when the rollup is automatically recalculated by the system jobs.

Modify rollup job recurrence

As a system administrator, you can modify the rollup job recurrence pattern, postpone, pause, or resume the rollup job. However, you can't cancel or delete a rollup job.

To pause, postpone, resume, or modify the recurrence pattern, you must view the system jobs. More information View Rollup jobs

On the nav bar, choose Actions and select the action you want.

For the Mass Calculate Rollup Field job, the available selections are: Resume, Postpone, and Pause.

For the Calculate Rollup Field job, the available selections are: Modify Recurrence, Resume, Postpone, and Pause.

Examples

Let's take a look at several rollup column examples. We'll aggregate data for a row from the related rows with and without using a hierarchy. We'll also aggregate data for a row from related activities and activities indirectly related to a row via the ActivityParty table. In each example, we define the rollup column by using the Column Editor. To open the Column Editor, open solution explorer and expand Components > Tables. Select the table you want and select Columns. Choose New. In the editor, provide the required information for the column, including the Column Type and Data Type. In the Column Type, select Rollup, after you have selected the data type. The data types include decimal or whole numbers, currency, and date/time. Choose the Edit button next to the Column Type. This takes you to the rollup column definition editor. The rollup column definition consists of three sections: Source table, **Related table, and Aggregation.

In the Source table section, you specify the table for which the rollup column is defined and whether or not you aggregate over a hierarchy. You can add filters with multiple conditions to specify the rows in the hierarchy you want to use for rollup.
In the Related table section, you specify the table over which you aggregate. This section is optional when you choose to roll up over the hierarchy on the source table. You can add filters with multiple conditions to specify which related rows to use in the calculation. For example, you include the revenue from the open opportunities with an annual revenue greater than $1,000.
In the Aggregate section, you specify the metric you want to compute. You can choose available aggregate functions, such as SUM, COUNT, MIN, MAX, or AVG.

In this example, a hierarchy isn't used. The total estimated revenue is calculated for an account, from the related open opportunities.

Aggregate the estimated revenue for an account.

Aggregate data for a row from the child rows, over the hierarchy

In this example, we calculate the total estimated revenue of an opportunity including the child opportunities, over the hierarchy.

Aggregate estimated revenue, opportunity hierarchy.

In this example, we calculate the total estimated revenue of open opportunities across all accounts, over the hierarchy.

Aggregate estimated revenue over account hierarchy.

In this example, we calculate the total time spent and billed from all activities related to an account. This might include time spent on the phone, at appointments, or on custom activities.

In earlier releases, you could define a rollup column for an individual activity, such as a phone call, fax, or appointment. But, to achieve the result of the example shown below, you had to total the data by using the calculated columns. Now, you can do it all in one step by defining one rollup column for the Activity table.

Rollup all activities for an account.

In this example, we count the total number of emails sent to an account, where the account is listed on the email's "To Recipient" line or "Cc Recipient line. This is done by specifying the Participation Type in FILTERS for the Activity Party table in the rollup column definition. If you don't use filtering, then all available participation types for an activity are used in the calculation.

For more information about the Activity Party table and participation types available for a particular activity, see ActivityParty table.

Rollup related activities and activity party.

In this example, we calculate an average estimated revenue from all opportunities related to an account.

Average estimated revenue in Dynamics 365.

The following example shows how to calculate an average estimated revenue from related opportunities over a hierarchy of accounts. An average estimated revenue can be seen at each level in the hierarchy.

Average estimated revenue over hierarchy in Dynamics 365.

Rollup column considerations

You should be aware of certain conditions and restrictions when working with rollup columns:

You can define a maximum of 200 rollup columns for the environment and up to 50 rollup columns per table. The current default values and previous maximum are 100 per environment and 10 per table. More information: Define the maximum number of rollup columns in an environment or table
A workflow can't be triggered by the rollup column updates.
A workflow wait condition can't use a rollup column.
A rollup over the rollup column isn't supported.
A rollup can't reference a calculated column that uses another calculated column, even if all the columns of the other calculated column are on the current table.
A rollup column doesn't update automatically if it uses a formula column that's dependent on time bound functions Now() and IsUTCToday(). The online recalculation option (a manual refresh on the form) or Recalculate button must be used to calculate the latest rollup column value.
The rollup can only apply filters to the source table or related tables, simple columns or noncomplex calculated columns.
A rollup can be done only over related tables with the 1:N relationship. A rollup can't be done over the N:N relationships.
A rollup can't be done over the 1:N relationship for the Activity table or the Activity Party table.
The business rules, workflows, or calculated columns always use the last calculated value of the rollup column.
A rollup column is aggregated under the system user context. All users are able to see the same rollup column value. You can control the rollup column visibility with the column level security (FLS), by restricting who can access the rollup column. More information Column level security to control access.

Define the maximum number of rollup columns in an environment or table

You can define a maximum of 200 rollup columns for the environment and up to 50 rollup columns per table. The current default values and previous maximums are 100 per environment and 10 per table.

To increase the maximums, follow these steps:

Go to Power Apps (make.powerapps.com), select Table on the left navigation pane, and then open the Organization table.
Select the n more list, and then type maxr in the Search box. Select the MaxRollupFieldsPerOrg and MaxRollupFieldsPerEntity columns, and then select Save.
Change the values for MaxRollupFieldsPerOrg (up to 200) and MaxRollupFieldsPerEntity (up to 50) that you want.

Important

Having more than 100 rollup columns for an environment might result in degraded performance of rollup columns and increased storage consumption.

Precision rounding

If the precision of the aggregated column is greater than the precision of the rollup column, the aggregated column precision is rounded down to the precision of the rollup column, before the aggregation is performed. To illustrate this behavior, let's look at a specific example. Let's say that the rollup column on the account table, for calculating the total estimated revenue of the related opportunities, has a precision of two decimal points. The Est. Revenue column on the opportunity table is the aggregated column with the precision of four decimal points. In our example, the account has two related opportunities. The aggregated sum of the estimated revenue is calculated as follows:

Est. Revenue for the first opportunity: $1000.0041
Est. Revenue for the second opportunity: $2000.0044
Aggregated sum of Est. Revenue: $1000.00 + $2000.00 = $3000.00

As you can see, the precision rounding to two decimal points on the aggregated column is done before the aggregation is performed.

Different behavior from Associated grids

Certain table forms, such as Account or Contact, out-of-the-box, contain the associated grids. For example, an Account form includes Contacts, Cases, Opportunities, and other grids. Some of the rows shown in the Account form grids are directly related to the account row; others, indirectly, through the relationships with other rows. In comparison, the rollup column aggregation uses only direct relationships explicitly defined in the rollup column definition. No other relationships are considered. To illustrate the difference in behavior, let's look at the following example.

The account A1 has a primary contact, P1. The case C1 is associated with the account A1 (C1.Customer column = A1) and the case C2 is associated with the contact P1 (C2.Customer column = P1).
The Cases grid on the Account form for the A1 row, shows two cases, C1 and C2.
The rollup column on the account table, called Total Number of Cases, is used to count the cases associated with the account.
In the account rollup column definition, we specify the cases that have the Customer relationship with the account. After aggregation, the Total Number of Cases is equal to 1 (case C1). The case C2 isn't included in the total, as it's directly related to the contact, not to the account, and can't be explicitly defined in the account rollup column definition. As a result, the total number of cases returned by rollup operation doesn't match the number of cases shown in the Cases grid.

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Define rollup columns that aggregate values

Rollup columns benefits and capabilities