@Michael Osmond, Thanks for posting in Q&A.
I have done some research about this issue, here are some suggestions you can refer to fix this issue.
1.Sync, and wait for a while, then restart the device to check whether Teams and Outlook can install successfully.
2.Try to unassign the Microsoft Apps and re-assign the Microsoft 365 Apps in Intune.
3.Troubleshoot the app deployment refer the following link:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/apps/apps-add-office365#deployment-details
4.I find there's changes in Microsoft Teams. New installations of Microsoft 365 and Office 365 will include Teams only if a Teams service plan is in place.
Please check if we have Team service plan. If not, as a workaround, try to deploy the app separately. remove the Teams from M365 Suite and deploy it as a standalone app by Intune.
5.Please check with us for your region as Teams is not supported in Europe.
Please try above information, if there is any update, feel free to let me know.
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