Hello,
I guess that you are working remotely and are not connected to the domain controller. So to fix this please make sure you are signed into your company's VPN before trying to change your password again. If you are already in the office or the VPN is fully connected, your machine might have lost its secure trust relationship with the domain due to a stale DNS configuration on your network adapter. You could try restarting your computer while connected to the network to refresh your DNS settings and then connect to the domain again. If it's still failed to change your password after that, give me a comment so we could think of another solution.