Create or update Azure custom roles using Azure CLI

Article
12/01/2023

If the Azure built-in roles don't meet the specific needs of your organization, you can create your own custom roles. This article describes how to list, create, update, or delete custom roles using Azure CLI.

For a step-by-step tutorial on how to create a custom role, see Tutorial: Create an Azure custom role using Azure CLI.

Prerequisites

To create custom roles, you need:

Permissions to create custom roles, such as User Access Administrator
Azure Cloud Shell or Azure CLI

List custom roles

To list custom roles that are available for assignment, use az role definition list. The following example lists all the custom roles in the current subscription.

az role definition list --custom-role-only true --output json --query '[].{roleName:roleName, roleType:roleType}'

[
  {
    "roleName": "My Management Contributor",
    "type": "CustomRole"
  },
  {
    "roleName": "My Service Reader Role",
    "type": "CustomRole"
  },
  {
    "roleName": "Virtual Machine Operator",
    "type": "CustomRole"
  }
]

List a custom role definition

To list a custom role definition, use az role definition list. This command is the same command you would use for a built-in role.

az role definition list --name {roleName}

The following example lists the Virtual Machine Operator role definition:

az role definition list --name "Virtual Machine Operator"

[
  {
    "assignableScopes": [
      "/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}"
    ],
    "description": "Can monitor and restart virtual machines.",
    "id": "/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
    "name": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000",
    "permissions": [
      {
        "actions": [
          "Microsoft.Storage/*/read",
          "Microsoft.Network/*/read",
          "Microsoft.Compute/*/read",
          "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/start/action",
          "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/restart/action",
          "Microsoft.Authorization/*/read",
          "Microsoft.ResourceHealth/availabilityStatuses/read",
          "Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/read",
          "Microsoft.Insights/alertRules/*",
          "Microsoft.Insights/diagnosticSettings/*",
          "Microsoft.Support/*"
        ],
        "dataActions": [],
        "notActions": [],
        "notDataActions": []
      }
    ],
    "roleName": "Virtual Machine Operator",
    "roleType": "CustomRole",
    "type": "Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions"
  }
]

The following example lists just the actions of the Virtual Machine Operator role:

az role definition list --name "Virtual Machine Operator" --output json --query '[].permissions[0].actions'

[
  [
    "Microsoft.Storage/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Network/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Compute/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/start/action",
    "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/restart/action",
    "Microsoft.Authorization/*/read",
    "Microsoft.ResourceHealth/availabilityStatuses/read",
    "Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/read",
    "Microsoft.Insights/alertRules/*",
    "Microsoft.Insights/diagnosticSettings/*",
    "Microsoft.Support/*"
  ]
]

Create a custom role

To create a custom role, use az role definition create. The role definition can be a JSON description or a path to a file containing a JSON description.

az role definition create --role-definition {roleDefinition}

The following example creates a custom role named Virtual Machine Operator. This custom role assigns access to all read actions of Microsoft.Compute, Microsoft.Storage, and Microsoft.Network resource providers and assigns access to start, restart, and monitor virtual machines. This custom role can be used in two subscriptions. This example uses a JSON file as an input.

vmoperator.json

{
  "Name": "Virtual Machine Operator",
  "IsCustom": true,
  "Description": "Can monitor and restart virtual machines.",
  "Actions": [
    "Microsoft.Storage/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Network/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Compute/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/start/action",
    "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/restart/action",
    "Microsoft.Authorization/*/read",
    "Microsoft.ResourceHealth/availabilityStatuses/read",
    "Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/read",
    "Microsoft.Insights/alertRules/*",
    "Microsoft.Support/*"
  ],
  "NotActions": [

  ],
  "AssignableScopes": [
    "/subscriptions/{subscriptionId1}",
    "/subscriptions/{subscriptionId2}"
  ]
}

az role definition create --role-definition ~/roles/vmoperator.json

Update a custom role

To update a custom role, first use az role definition list to retrieve the role definition. Second, make the desired changes to the role definition. Finally, use az role definition update to save the updated role definition.

az role definition update --role-definition {roleDefinition}

The following example adds the Microsoft.Insights/diagnosticSettings/ action to Actions and adds a management group to AssignableScopes for the Virtual Machine Operator custom role.

vmoperator.json

{
  "Name": "Virtual Machine Operator",
  "IsCustom": true,
  "Description": "Can monitor and restart virtual machines.",
  "Actions": [
    "Microsoft.Storage/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Network/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Compute/*/read",
    "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/start/action",
    "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/restart/action",
    "Microsoft.Authorization/*/read",
    "Microsoft.ResourceHealth/availabilityStatuses/read",
    "Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/read",
    "Microsoft.Insights/alertRules/*",
    "Microsoft.Insights/diagnosticSettings/*",
    "Microsoft.Support/*"
  ],
  "NotActions": [

  ],
  "AssignableScopes": [
    "/subscriptions/{subscriptionId1}",
    "/subscriptions/{subscriptionId2}",
    "/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/marketing-group"
  ]
}

az role definition update --role-definition ~/roles/vmoperator.json

Delete a custom role

Remove any role assignments that use the custom role. For more information, see Find role assignments to delete a custom role.
Use az role definition delete to delete the custom role. To specify the role to delete, use the role name or the role ID. To determine the role ID, use az role definition list.
```
az role definition delete --name {roleNameOrId}
```
The following example deletes the Virtual Machine Operator custom role.
```
az role definition delete --name "Virtual Machine Operator"
```

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