Using If...Then...Else statements

Use the If...Then...Else statement to run a specific statement or a block of statements, depending on the value of a condition. If...Then...Else statements can be nested to as many levels as you need.

However, for readability, you may want to use a Select Case statement rather than multiple levels of nested If...Then...Else statements.

Running statements if a condition is True

To run only one statement when a condition is True, use the single-line syntax of the If...Then...Else statement. The following example shows the single-line syntax, omitting the Else keyword.

Sub FixDate() 
    myDate = #2/13/95# 
    If myDate < Now Then myDate = Now 
End Sub

To run more than one line of code, you must use the multiple-line syntax. This syntax includes the End If statement, as shown in the following example.

Sub AlertUser(value as Long) 
    If value = 0 Then 
        AlertLabel.ForeColor = "Red" 
        AlertLabel.Font.Bold = True 
        AlertLabel.Font.Italic = True 
    End If 
End Sub

Running certain statements if a condition is True and running others if it's False

Use an If...Then...Else statement to define two blocks of executable statements: one block runs if the condition is True, and the other block runs if the condition is False.

Sub AlertUser(value as Long) 
    If value = 0 Then 
        AlertLabel.ForeColor = vbRed 
        AlertLabel.Font.Bold = True 
        AlertLabel.Font.Italic = True 
    Else 
        AlertLabel.Forecolor = vbBlack 
        AlertLabel.Font.Bold = False 
        AlertLabel.Font.Italic = False 
    End If 
End Sub

Testing a second condition if the first condition is False

You can add ElseIf statements to an If...Then...Else statement to test a second condition if the first condition is False. For example, the following function procedure computes a bonus based on job classification. The statement following the Else statement runs if the conditions in all of the If and ElseIf statements are False.

Function Bonus(performance, salary) 
    If performance = 1 Then 
        Bonus = salary * 0.1 
    ElseIf performance = 2 Then 
        Bonus = salary * 0.09 
    ElseIf performance = 3 Then 
        Bonus = salary * 0.07 
    Else 
        Bonus = 0 
    End If 
End Function

See also

• Visual Basic conceptual topics

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