The error likely has to do with UUP
https://www.ajtek.ca/guides/how-to-prepare-for-on-prem-wsus-uup-updates/
I'm not sure why it would need it as you're not downloading the update from WSUS, but it would be a good thing to check to see if that resolves the error.
05D = May Update, D release - or preview release in week 4 of the month.
24H2 = Insider Build as it's not GA - does that computer have Windows Insider enabled?
You should have 23H2-05B available to approve instead.