nevermind, solved it myself
And since i hate such answers, here a description on what actually was the issue :)
A MSDN based subscription has a basic quota for regional vCPUs of 20, as well as for the DSv3 family VMs. as the default installation of ARO requests 36 vCPUs, this failed.
After raising the limits everything worked without any problem.
How did i get to that conclusion? I tried the same process of installation without a SP but directly with a domain admin and suddenly got the correct error message instead of "internal server error": (ResourceQuotaExceeded) Resource quota of standardDSv3Family exceeded. Maximum allowed: 20, Current in use: 0, Additional requested: 36.
Also:
- since a month or so you no longer need to request quota increases through a ticket to support, but can do it yourself through "Limits and Quotas" in your subscription, and it takes a few minutes instead of days as before.
- In all documentations its referenced that your service principal needs to have "Azure Active Directory Graph" permissions. Though those are legacy now and no longer supported. I couldnt find a way to install with a manually created SP yet.
Cheers,
Rene