A family of Microsoft word processing software products for creating web, email, and print documents.
I have run 2 different 4K monitors plugged in to my laptop without encountering this problem. I got lucky. (I don't have a 4K right now, hoping to pick one up any day now). What is the physical size of your 4K monitor. I had 42" and 49" 4Ks.
A partial explanation for the different reaction in Word and Excel is that they originated as totally independent programs, written by totally separate groups of programmers. And that still continues today! So while they are lumped in under the "Office" umbrella, they are apples and oranges. So what works for one program may not work for the other(s).
In the Start menu, right click on any of the Office tiles, Select "More", then "Open File Location". This opens a File Explorer in the folder containing the shortcuts used by the start menu.
Here is what I see.
So you ran the compatibility troubleshooter. OK.
Try working through the other setting options, one at a time, then in combinations.
As you can see, I didn't have to use any of the customization to make it work on my machine. I do suspect that pushing scaling up to 300% is contributing to your problem. There is also a separate setting dialog for the system Display. While I agree that 100% scaling is too small, I have not had to go to 300%.