An Azure service that is used to provision Windows and Linux virtual machines.
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Based on the details shared, this unexpected behavior is mostly because of the way the image is created.
It is not recommended to create an image from a VM that is already in a host pool. The recommended way to create a custom image is described here.
Also, check the agent logs and if you have regenerated a host pool registration key?
Please follow this and see if that helps solve your issue.
Hope this helps.
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