What is the batch command to install all pending updates on a Windows server and what is its PowerShell equivalent?

Hi. Thank you for your question and reaching out.

Use these methods to check for and install updates using PowerShell:

1. Launch Windows 11 Start.
2. Right-click the first result from your search for PowerShell and choose "Run as administrator."
3. To install the module to launch Windows Update, use the command shown below and press Enter.
   Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate
4. To confirm, enter the letter A.
5. To check for updates using PowerShell, type the following command and hit Enter:
   Get-WindowsUpdate
6. To install the available Windows 10 updates, enter the command after typing it:
   Install-WindowsUpdate
7. To confirm, enter the letter A.

The most recent cumulative updates will download and install on your computer once you've finished the procedures.

REFERENCE: https://pureinfotech.com/install-windows-10-update-powershell/

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I've never found a reliable method for using PowerShell for Windows updates directly but I have had good success using a app called ABC-Update which is pretty customisable and works very well. I have a PowerShell script which runs monthly on my RDS servers to patch overnight and use PowerShell to parse the log output from ABC-Update and email my the logs if there are any errors.

Might be worth checking ABC-Update to see if that suits what you need