@Michael Liben can you update other attribute in OnPrem AD and check if it is getting changed in Azure AD? Next is to run the troubelshooting steps for the object for this you will need the ObjectGuid and provide in the tool.
There are few things you can check permissions on the object and also run the tool to check the issue.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/tshoot-connect-objectsync
Hope this helps.
JS
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