Dear r_ryan85,
Welcome to Microsoft Community.
We understand that your OneDrive file synchronization old computer version was overwritten.
According to your description, the synchronization of OneDrive files on your windows computer caused the new version synchronized on your Mac to be overwritten. We need to explain to you:
OneDrive synchronization is mainly used to upload files or photos on your device to the cloud for backup to prevent local data loss. It also allows you to access them on any device you have access to.
However, since OneDrive's detection can only determine the difference in versions, if you have a file with the same file name in your Windows system as in your Mac system, and you log in again and turn on synchronization information in your Windows system. It may cause OneDrive to detect version deviation, think that the version that appears in the Windows system is the new version, and resynchronize the file information in the sting.
And, if you log in OneDrive in Windows system, the synchronization of system folders will be enabled: Back up your folders with OneDrive - Microsoft Support
Your guess is correct. It is possible that the new version edited in Mac has not been updated to Windows system, resulting in the failure to identify the new version information.
For your future use and restoration of the historical version of the file, we also recommend that you try the following:
First cancel the folder synchronization information in Windows system to avoid re-detecting the wrong version later:
You can use the OneDrive program settings--Sync and backup--Manage backup--to help you confirm and enable the corresponding folder option information.
When you stop backing up folders, there will be a folder called "Folder Shortcut (OneDrive)" in the folder on your computer. If you do not copy your folders to other places, your file information may be affected.
Back up your folders with OneDrive - Microsoft Support
Restore file versions in OneDrive:
You can confirm whether all files have been overwritten with historical versions according to your needs, and then select each file individually and restore it through version history. This process is indeed cumbersome, but it can ensure that your files are restored to the correct version.
If you have a Microsoft 365 subscription, you can also directly use the Restore OneDrive feature to restore files in OneDrive to any period of time within 30 days.
This feature will restore the entire OneDrive file information, so your other files will also be restored to the historical version.
Restore your OneDrive - Microsoft Support
Recheck and synchronize information:
After restoring, you can disable folder synchronization in Windows, and then open the file information or download it to overwrite the file version in your Windows local path as needed. This ensures that the synchronized file versions on different devices are consistent.
Then you can restart file synchronization or manually upload and synchronize in Windows and view your files.
You can try the operation, I hope it can help you alleviate the problem information.
If you have updates or other questions, you can reply to us.
Best regards
Zenobia.Z | Microsoft Community Support Specialist