Hi,
The only similar thing similar to Mac's Finder is the left panel or the File explorer Navigation pane. You can activate this tree-like view by right-clicking on an empty space then selecting Show all folders.
If you find it lacking, I suggest you provide your feedback by pressing Windows + F to open up the Feedback Hub app. In the meantime, perhaps a third-party app might provide the features you are looking for such as this one.
Disclaimer: This is a non-Microsoft site. The information seems reliable, but be careful with ads. Research any product before downloading.