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As far as I can tell, this can be done with conditional formatting using a formula instead of the built-in “duplicate values” rule. The idea is to compare how many times a position appears in the schedule against how many times it appears up to each row in the key, so the highlighting “fills down” progressively.
Assume your key (the list you want to highlight) is in E2:E8, and your assigned schedule (bottom list) is in A12:A100.
Apply conditional formatting to E2:E8 using this formula:
=COUNTIF($A$12:$A$100,E2) >= COUNTIF($E$2:E2,E2)
This way the first COUNTIF counts how many times that position has been assigned in the schedule, and the second COUNTIF counts how many times that same position has appeared so far in the key list up to the current row. As assignments increase, more rows in the key meet the condition and get highlighted in order from top to bottom.
If your data ranges differ, adjust the references, but keep the structure the same with the expanding range on the key side ($E$2:E2) and fixed range on the schedule side.
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hth
Marcin