Using New Outlook on Windows for personal email, calendar, and contact management
I had the same issue. Here is what worked for me.
When viewing Outlook Mail or Outlook Calendar on my laptop, you'll see in the leftmost column there are 8 icons (Mail, Calendar, People, To do, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, More apps). Click on "More apps" and you'll see "Groups" and "OneNote". Click on Groups.
Then you should see, in the column just to the right of the icons mentioned above, the Groups to which you belong.
Click on the Group name that you want to delete.
Under the name, you'll see icons for "Mail," "Calendar," and "Members". Click on Members, and then the Settings icon.
Then you should see some options, the last of which is "Delete" the group. Click on Delete and you will no longer see that group.