Hello Sergey Krulikovskiy
You can open the AKS cluster in the Azure Portal and there look under Activity log. You should find a "Create or Update Managed Cluster" operation that should show the associated error.
Also, "Diagnose and solve problems" by choosing "Create, Upgrade, Delete and Scale" can provide insights.
Under this page https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/azure/azure-kubernetes/welcome-azure-kubernetes you can find the main issues that can happen during upgrade operations and how to address them.
Hopefully this is what you are looking for! If you have additional questions, please let us know in the comments.
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