Hi, please try uninstalling the June 10 Windows security update first.
Go to Settings > Windows Update > Update history > Uninstall updates, select the latest update installed on June 10, uninstall it, then restart the PC and test YouTube again.
Since Firefox still works but Edge and Brave do not, this is likely a compatibility issue caused by that update with the Intel UHD 600 graphics driver. If uninstalling the update fixes it, please pause updates temporarily and report it in Feedback Hub.