That appears to be a bug in SSMS. Using Profiler, I can see that what SSMS submits is this:
DECLARE @Date AS DateTime = GETDATE();
DECLARE @Id AS uniqueidentifier = GETDATE();
For this to happen, two things needs to be fulfilled:
First, you have enabled parameterisation for Always Encrypted:
Second, when you connected, you enabled Always Encrypted in the connection string:
I tested this with SSMS 21, Preview 3, and the issue persists there as well.
I would suggest that you report the issue on the feedback site: https://feedback.azure.com/d365community/forum/04fe6ee0-3b25-ec11-b6e6-000d3a4f0da0
Please share the link so that others can vote for it too.