Hello Adam Kolařík ,
Thank you for your question.
The “Allow Azure Services and resources to access this server” rule in Azure SQL Database is designed to let connections from within Azure—such as VMs and App Services—access your server. It does not include external Microsoft SaaS services like OneDrive, SharePoint, or Microsoft 365 apps. This is why your Excel file hosted on SharePoint or OneDrive isn’t able to connect, even when the rule is enabled.
For connections from these external services, you will need to set up specific firewall rules for their IP ranges (which may change over time). Note that Azure SQL Managed Instance behaves differently due to its virtual network integration, which is why the same setting might work there.
For more details, please see the official documentation: Azure SQL Database firewall rules
I hope this helps! If you have any further questions, feel free to ask.
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