I had the same issue with Docker 4.28.0 causing BSOD it all started sometime after 3/25/2024.
And had been working fine for a few months before this started happening.
I have Windows 10 22H2, build 19045.4170, Enterprise
I tried all the usual things
graphic drivers,
dxdiag
sfc /scannow
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
Tried earlier versions of docker
uninstall/install wsl from windows features
wsl --update
Nothing worked.
As soon as docker was in the process of starting up, I would get the BSOD, showing:
SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION
dxgkrnl.sys
As far as Windows updates here's what I show from Update History:
The only update that I see was installed on 3/25/2024:
"Security Update for Windows (KB5035845)"
This takes me to the same place as the 3/26/2024 update listed below.
March 12, 2024—KB5035845 (OS Builds 19044.4170 and 19045.4170) https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/march-12-2024-kb5035845-os-builds-19044-4170-and-19045-4170-24e9864f-0756-457e-bce9-3f681020d591
Before that the last one was installed on: 2/15/2024 and it was working after that.
I installed this one on 3/26/2024, while troubleshooting just in case it would fix it, but it didn't:
"2024-03 Cumulative Update for Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems (KB5035845)"
Same link as the Security Update above.
March 12, 2024—KB5035845 (OS Builds 19044.4170 and 19045.4170)
memory.dmp file looked similar to above.
After 30+ attempts that each ended with BSOD, I finally gave up trying to make it work.
Uninstalled docker and reinstalled it to use Hyper-V instead of WSL and was able to get back up and running again.