This did not work for me. I have attempted to pull the January update, but it won't fully uninstall either.
I have another Server 2022, 21H2 build, that failed to install January 2024 CU update, and it's been receiving the later updates in Feb & March without issues. Still seeing the January 2024 is trying to install and fails, but I know that is due to the partition size issue. I am not going to fix that yet, because clearly that update is causing more issues than not.
I cannot find any other information as to why updates are not even showing up when you check for update/check online for updates on my 2022 servers that did install the January 2024 update. I have followed the steps above, rebooted, and tried to check for updates again. Microsoft says it's all up to date, but nothing since January 2024 has installed. No failure errors and no attempts for other updates after. I can download the patch directly from Microsoft Update Catalog and install them just fine though. This is not a process I want to follow every month though.
I just manually installed April updates from the update catalog. Upon installing and rebooting, I go into Programs & Features "View Installed Updates" > and I noticed that January patch is no longer listed in there, on a server I didn't even try to remove it from since it failed on 2 others trying to uninstall with a vague error. Check the other servers I manually patched, and Jan 2024 is gone after April installed.
I am hoping that whatever was released in April's update fixed whatever January's update broke. For now, I am patched, but will see how it goes for next month's patch cycle.