Software that requires a certain speed is "highly" recommended. Autodesk Inventor 2013 "may" install and run but run a little slower than normal or the installer may view your processor speed and post a warning and refuse to install.
It will not hurt the machine to try it. You may get a serious battery drain though if it does run. Autodesk software uses just about every resource a machine has.
If still cautious about it, you can contact Autodesk technical support and ask them. Chances are they have already tested some of their software on a Surface Pro. A lot of other companies maybe doing that right now as well.
You have a good question but best to check the source of the software.