Hi Freddy,
and we have the same configurations in other lorganizations where there are E2013 and E2016 - all works fine.
You mean the a same Certificate works fine on 2013/2016 but not 2019? Any different settings between these servers?
When we trying to open url https://server/microsoft-server-activesync and use certificate for authentication then we get 403 error
You can find a detailed error code in C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles\W3SVC\XXXX.log file, search Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync and you will find the error code like:

According to your description, I think the ActiveSync is still using basic authentication, please sse this command and check the following:
Get-ActiveSyncVirtualDirectory -Server “ServerName” | FL
Part 1. These values are correct with your certificate.
Part 2. These three auth methods are disabled, and ClientCertAuth is required.

You can also take a screenshot and share with me by covering your personal information. This article Configure certificate-based authentication for Exchange ActiveSync and The HTTP status code in IIS 7.0 and later versions may help you.
Regards,
Lou
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