Regarding the 13.5 inch Surface Laptop 3, here are the differences I've found. Both on the Website and from chatting with a customer service representative at Microsoft.
Processor: No difference for 13.5 inch, both use Intel
Operating system: Business edition comes with Windows 10 Pro (vs Windows 10 Home with Consumer edition).
Wireless: No difference, both support 2x2 MIMO (according to the customer service rep)
Security (as mentioned by Barb): Business edition has
TPM 2.0 chip for enterprise security (vs Firmware TPM with Consumer edition)
Warranty: Business edition has a separate service for warranty
Price: Business edition starts at $300 more than the Consumer edition