Hi ObsidianPlume,
Thank you for reaching out Microsoft Community. We apologize for the inconvenience this may have caused.
By the way, is it only doing like this in Photoshop? Have you tried using the pen in different apps? What's the brand of the pen you're using?
We have your concern escalated if Windows has its own pen stabilizer and our internal team confirmed that it doesn't have a built-in stabilizer. Pen stabilizer is an application feature only and depends on application you're using. This means that there's no option on the device itself to disable pen stabilizer within Windows because it is not existing.
In your case, what we can do instead is to refresh the pen driver from Device Manager.
Go to Device Manager
Expand Bluetooth
Look for the pen driver under Bluetooth and right-click on it and select, " Uninstall Device".
Then Restart your Surface to reinstall the driver.
After restarting, we want you to unpair the pen from Device Settings and pair it back and see if this works right this time.
If this answers your question, please let our Community know by marking this post as an answer. Otherwise, don't hesitate to respond to this thread for assistance.
Kind Regards,
Crest_Z