Hi Ryan Jordaan,
Thank you for reaching out to Microsoft Community.
I assume that your Microsoft Wireless Mouse and Keyboard and keyboard uses a USB dongle that need to be connected to the device since you need an extra USB port on the device.
Yes, the Surface Go has only 1 USB-C port and that port could be used for external monitor. This may be due to the adapter compatibility/limitation considering that the adapter uses a regular USB port. Have you tried connecting this setup on another device to check if it works? How about connecting the mouse and keyboard dongle to the USB port of your adapter, does the mouse and keyboard work?
We'll need a USB-C hub that has multiple ports other that a regular USB port like a mini DisplayPort, HDMI or USB-C. If you want, you may also check our new **Surface Dock 2**which connects to the Surface Connect (charging port) of your Surface Go and provides multiple ports including 2 USB-C ports for external monitors.
You may also check this page for more details to Connect Surface to a second monitor.
If this answer your question, we highly encourage you to inform our Community by clicking on Yes or marking my post as an answer. This will help other members who may have the same issue as you. Otherwise, don't hesitate to update us so we can further assist you.
Kind Regards,
Marrion Y.