It's actually not about the cable at all, it's about the power deliver capabilities of your charger. I routinely charge my Surface Book 2 using the USB-C port, the exact protocol used by the Surface device to negotiate power is not known, it's certainly not standard PD or even QC 2.0/3.0.
A basic requirement if your charger is only 5 V (as many regular USB ports are) is that it must be able to deliver 3 amps (A), or 15 W or more. The USB port on the Surface Book charger is only 1 A capable.
The small and portable mobile phone charger Microsoft supplied with their Lumia phones and Display Dock works fine, as the lightweight ultra-portable option (Model: AC-100E). Of course this one is only 15 W so it will take a long time to charge your device and won't be able to keep up keeping it powered if you're doing anything intensive on it (unless you have the base model).
Another charger that I use is the Satechi ST-MC2TCAM.