I still recommend giving Malwarebytes' Anti-Malware a run (it is free) if nothing else solves your problem.
You might like to try right-clicking on taskmgr.exe and selecting the "Run As Administrator" option
Have you tried copying the taskmgr.exe from System32 and placing it either on your Desktop, or in your Documents folder, and try running it from there? While you have it in those last two locations, if it does not run, try changing the name of taskmgr.exe to somethingelse.exe.
Do you have mention of taskmgr.exe anywhere in this Registry Key, probably not, but if you do try removing it (taskmgr.exe)?
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options
Does Task Manager run from Safe Mode?
Vista Advanced Boot Options
http://techblissonline.com/vista-advanced-boot-options/
Did you try the System restore, or the System File Checker?
This program can be used to see what is happening, in the background, when you launch Task Manager.
Process Monitor v2.8
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/sysinternals/bb896645.aspx