Most of my experience with Event Viewer has been with Windows XP. I am not aware of any specific lists for Windows 7. It has always been the case that you have to identify clues and to see where they lead. Event ID has the most comprehensive list but it was always only been a useful tool. Google is another good tool. Many Windows 7 errors will have similar meanings to those in Windows XP but there are additional error codes peculiar to Windows 7.
A caution. Avoid looking at Errors in isolation. Look at what leads up to the Error. Also try to eliminate earlier errors, if they exist, so that you can isolate individual errors.
Hope this helps, Gerry Cornell