Got it.
By having a look into the log files setupapi.app.log and setupapi.dev.log at C:\Windows\inf I found out that the installer/device management was not able to create a temp folder within C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore and was further not able to copy files to C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository.
After modifying access rights (gave SYSTEM and me full access) I was able to update the MTP USB driver to the actual Apple Mobile Device Support driver. Subsequently I was able to install iTunes without any issues when installing the AMDS driver.
Took me just 4 days to the hint with looking into the log files mentioned above -.-
Cheers.