Troubleshooting not available in Windows 8.1 Advanced Startup menu

It looks like your first and last partitions have been changed to OEM.  So you need to use Diskpart to change them back, so first try listing the partitions on that drive so you will be able to select the correct partition. 

In Diskpart, you must make sure you are working on the correct disk and partition.  An asterisk on the left of the listing will normally indicate which item is selected.

To use Diskpart, open an Administrative Command prompt and type Diskpart.

Then use these commands to list the partitions on the drive, assuming your disk is disk 0.  These commands are given one at a time and can be shortened to 3 letters in most cases.

Diskpart

list disk

select disk 0

list partition

This will give you a list of partitions on that drive and you must select the correct one.  In you case it will probably be partitions 1 and 6, but make sure.

You then need to select the correct partition and change the partition ID back to a recovery partition.  You may want to copy the current Partition Type ID and save it in a Notepad file.  You can do that in a Command Prompt window by right clicking, highlighting, and then pasting it.

select partition 6

detail partition

Then set the partition Type ID with the following command.

set id=DE94BBA4-06D1-4D40-A16A-BFD50179D6AC

For some folks this is all it takes to change the partition back to a Recovery partition.  Check it to see if it works and then continue to make sure the Attributes are set correctly on the partition.  Listing the partitions again may now show Recovery instead of OEM.   Again, make sure you are using the correct partition.

gpt attributes=0x8000000000000001 which should be shown in the detail partition listing.

If it does not work, look through the thread, but during my tests, the partition was already set to Recovery and I had to change it to a normal partition, reboot, and then change it back.  Hopefully you will not need to do that.

If you have problems, do what you can of the procedure and post the results.   You will need to do this for both partitions.  Command can be reproduced and then modified in the Command Window by using the up or down arrow.

Thanks once more, Saltgrass - you've led me out of the wilderness!

It turns out that the approach described on the link I posted above (this one) worked for me. I changed the ID of the first and last partitions - which I knew to be the Windows Recovery and Lenovo Recovery partitions, respectively - and that was enough to solve the problem.

I am now able to create a recovery drive, and my advanced boot screen now shows the Troubleshooting option I had been looking for. Thanks to everyone for your help!

Your link does show how to change the partitions and hopefully it will work that way for you.

When I tested, my partitions were already set to the correct Type ID.  Just resetting them back to the same ID did not help.  That is why I changed them to a primary Type ID, rebooted and then changed them back to the Recovery Type.  You may not need to mess with your 3rd partition, see below.  But I have no experience with the configuration the that 3rd partition, or what it might show.

It appears your third partition marked as OEM is supposed to show that designation.  It looks like it is formatted as Fat 32.

Edit:  Be careful, when I tried to set one of my partitions to the Type ID indicated in your link for the OEM partition, it was shown as Unknown with no volume information.  See what the third partition currently shows before you try to change it, if you are thinking about changing it. 

The link does not mention the resetting the GPT attributes, but perhaps that process did not change them.

If you want to check the configuration of the partition, you use Diskpart to select the partition and then use a detail partition command. 

You see the 2, 1 GB partitions that show OEM?  I have seen Lenovo installs where the second one showed as OEM, but not where the first one did.  If you happened to know exactly how the partitons were designated when you got the machine, or if someone else would know it would be great.

But for now, I am going to assume you used EaseUS partition manager and it changed the designation of the First partition, which should show as Recovery and not OEM.

If you know someone with a Lenovo computer, or go to their forums, maybe you could find out for sure what their normal configuration is.  But it look like we will need to change the first partition back to Recovery for the system to work.

One other thing, most 8 to 8.1 updates add an additional Recovery partition after the OS partition, but it might depend on when you did the update.   The one after the OS partition is normally the active one and if you had done the update recently, it should have been 450 MB.. If it had been done earlier, maybe 350 MB or none at all.

Edit:  The last partition may be the Recovery Image partition.  If so, it should have a file named install.wim.  If you cannot see directories or files, look at the partition using a command prompt and a

dir /a command to list the files and folders.