YOU said: The problem either started when windows 7 was installed on my desktop, or when a new audio or video card was installed I'm not positive exactly when it started to happen. But all of a sudden the only audio device I had was Digital Audio (S/PDIF), which didn't actually do anything.
Are you saying it DID work before or are you saying in a previous environment it worked?
Invariably - If you install 'new' devices - in the place of 'old' or other devices you will need to uninstall the older devices drivers. Your system at STARTUP should detect a new device and attempt to install a driver for it. Operating systems these days do have drivers allowing functionality of a broad variety of devise. Should you desire to use the drivers along with GUI (graphics user interface) software that came with the device - you would need to select that you do have a disc or file for the functioning of your device/hardware. The File or disc WILL have some information that will make your device 'appear' in the computers settings appropriate to what that device is.
Example: in Control panel hen Sound - your device should be there when you install the driver from the disc or file (these days you can place these drivers and other supporting software on a USB)
I have discovered that color assignment for the audio jacks to be a problem also in the past. Take a close look to see if there is an 'L' for left or an 'R' for right. One would think the port should be OUTPUT?!
Is your device compatible with windows7? If YES - is it limited to a 32 bit system and not 64 bit?
Microphone - was there supporting software accompanying this device? Though the drivers in Win7 should work. If you plugged in your microphone into the microphone port - it should be detected.
I don't remember seeing a motherboard or a sound card without a microphone port. The sound card will have impressions with symbols as to what can be connected to it. Most motherboards will also have a microphone port. Usually a line in is used to connect a SOURCE to the system - in example to connect an IPOD output to your LINE IN will result in your IPODS music being heard through your computer system - along with controlling the sound: volume and equalizer - if that is your thing.
Just ran out of time - be careful with your jacks - choose carefully as you can damage your system getting putting inputs into outputs. Check for symbols/labeling. Go to the website of the device - there you will find pictures and explanations specific to your devises