I disabled Adaptive Brightness from services.msc ... and it STILL was auto-adjusting the screen brightness on me. Eventually I figured out the culprit, and I'm sharing it here in case anyone else keeps running into the same issue.
I'm on a Sony VAIO laptop. If you open up the VIAO Control Center, under Display there's an "Automatic Brightness Settings" option. Uncheck that.
Going through Windows' Power Options > Change plan settings > Change advanced power settings > Display didn't work for me, because "Enable adaptive brightness" wasn't listed there as an option to switch on or off, for some reason. Most Google search results will tell you just to turn that off. But without that option, I was at a frustrating dead end. Then I found this forum, which mentioned disabling it from services.msc. But that still didn't work for me. Finally I discovered the "VAIO Control Center" (not the Windows control panel) settings were behind it.
Hopefully ONE of those methods will work for anyone reading this. :)