Well, I can only surmise that Windows Update's detection engine noticed that you'd downloaded/run the December 2016 version of MSRT manually [Interactive Graphical Mode] several times since it was released the 13th and so it wasn't offered when you ran the manual check for updates shortly after 17:41 (5:41 pm) local time on the 15th - so one mystery's solved (at least for me).
IN RE the "at least seven infected files" detected by the (November 2016?) MSRT when you ran a full scan in Interactive Graphical Mode, perhaps this recent discussion (the ANSWER posts in particular) might shed some light on things for you: https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/protect/forum/protect_other-protect_scanning/two-infected-files-shown-during-oct-2016-malicious/fb273053-6bd7-45ba-9710-8b5e5ff0469c [1]
Long story, short version:
...you need to keep in mind that MSRT only scans for and removes a limited number of specific malware families...a small subset of active malicious software so it is not comprehensive. MSRT was not designed to be a comprehensive scanning tool so it should not be relied on to ensure a computer is infection free.
Op. Cit.
PS: IMHO it'd be interesting to see what, if anything, a Full Scan with the Dec-16 version of the MSRT might detect after you've downloaded/run the McAfee Consumer Products Removal Tool (followed by a reboot).
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1] Kudos to my colleague [Le Boule for bringing this thread to my attention yesterday!