After all the steps you have taken to try to rectify the issue, it goes to show that corrupted user profile is the main cause of the issue at hand.
If you're not ready for a new user profile, you can perform a repair upgrade. A repair upgrade is the process of installing Windows 10 over the existing installation of Windows 10 on your hard disk. Performing this will repair broken operating system files while preserving your apps, files, and settings.
You may refer to this forum article for more details on how you can perform a repair upgrade.
Let us know how it goes.