(I have no solution, but would love to have one)
This started happening after updating my intel driver (so it is the latest). So I'm starting to think whatever causes this gets reset whenever a driver is updated. This is an Intel NUC Skull Canyon with integrated intel video. This was not happening until yesterday when I updated my bios and a bunch of drivers. I had a windows 10 system at work last year that was constantly dimming the display, even though all dimming settings on the monitor and system were disabled. It dims while not using a bright program, as soon as I bring a bright program to the foreground (like this browser) the screen brightens. (I would think this would be the opposite of desired behavior, that is when a white window comes forward you suddenly get blinded by the increased brightness.)
There was a setting about setting brightness adaptively based on background image; I think that fixed my work computer.... but I can't find that setting.
went though each adaptive brightness power setting and set it to yes and then back to no, just in case it was like totally unset and confused... still have the problem.