Windows 10 Recovery, Restore, chkdsk and sfc failures

Sorry in advance for the long post. I have tried many things over the past several days and wanted to document as much as I could remember/reproduce.

For the past few days, my Surface Book has encountered the BSOD every time within 5 minutes of logging in. The error message is always the same "CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED". 

I can log in without issue and use the computer for ~2-5 minutes before encountering the BSOD. I have tried safe mode and a minimal boot configuration but it still blue screens after 2-5 minutes.

I have disabled Bitlocker as it was causing issues with me trying to access the drive from the recovery console.

I think this is a hardware bug but I'm not sure if it's the SSD or the RAM. Since it's a Surface Book, I cannot swap them out to isolate the issue. I have tried the Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool which passes the standard test. However, the 'extended' test hangs at 21% which is a common problem reported by others. I let it run for 8-10 hours so I think I gave it enough time (only 8GB of RAM).

I am unable to Restore/Recover/Reset.

'Reset this PC' -> 'Remove everything' -> "There was a problem resetting your PC."

Once, after selecting 'Reset this PC', the computer rebooted but yielded the following error at 2%:

'Recover from the Cloud' stays on 'Downloading 0%' - left over night and no progress.

From the recovery console, I have tried the following:

X:\Windows\System32> C:

C:> sfc /scannow

Beginning system scan. ...

Verification 100% complete.

Windows Resource Protection could not perform the requested operation.

C:> fsutil fsinfo drives

Drives: C:\ D:\ X:\

C:\ dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth

Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool

Version: 10.0.16299.15

Error: 50

DISM does not support servicing Windows PE with the /online option.

The DISM log file can be found at X:\windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log

C:\ dism /image:C:\ /cleanup-image /revertpendingactions

Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool

Version: 10.0.16299.15

Error: 50

DISM does not support servicing a Windows Vist RTM or earlier operating system.

If the operating system is supported check that SSShim.DLL is present.

The DISM log file can be found at X:\windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log

Diskpart

It's strange to me that Disk 0 does not appear in the list but I am able to select it. I have also formatted Volume 0 (C) multiple times with fs:NTFS due to the chkdsk error shown above. That doesn't seem to have any effect because the system will still boot normally and revert itself to the status shown above.

CHKDSK

From Recovery Console:

X:\Windows\System32> chkdsk c: /f

The type of the file system is RAW

CHKDSK is not available for RAW drives.

I have been able to somehow get chkdsk to see C: as NTFS from the Recovery Console, in which case it said there were errors but it couldn't fix them or write a log. I don't remember how I got that message to repeat it.

From Windows 10:

C:\WINDOWS\system32> chkdsk /f

'Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use....scheduled to run on restart'

Reboots with "Scanning and repairing drive (C:): x% complete" - BSOD with error "BAD_SYSTEM_CONFIG_INFO"

I think this is an SSD problem but I'm not certain how to proceed. The nearest Microsoft Store is 2 hours and I don't want to drive there if they can't help. Thanks in advance for any responses!