you can, provided D: and E: are separate disks and not partitions on the same disk, although external drives are always recommended for backups.
go to settings -> update and security -> backup
click the 'go to backup and restore (windows 7)'
click the 'change settings' link
select drive E: (destination) and click Next
select Let me Choose and click Next
select drive D: and click Next
review the settings then click save and exit.
Another option (better for internal disk IMHO) is to turn on file history for drive D: with the destination as E: this can be performed every 10 minutes (default is every hour), saving copies of changed files with no noticeable impact on performance.
previous versions of files can be easily retrieved, from file properties.
settings -> update and security -> backup
turn on 'automatically back up my files'
then click 'more options'
set your preferences and include D: in folders (you can remove any that you don't want to backup or that are already in D:)
select E: in the 'back up to' section.
click the back up now button to force a backup.