The latest version of Windows Defender includes some very powerful next-gen antimalware features, but because there’s a bit of a learning curve involved with these, many of them are either turned off by default or set to a low level of protection:
Potentially Unwanted Application Protection (PUA Protection) is turned off.
Controlled Folder Access ransomware protection is turned off.
Attack Surface Reduction rules are not applied.
Block at first Sight zero-day threat protection is set to its lowest possible level.
So what we’re seeing in the AV-Comparatives Real-World Protection Test is an inability to precisely define Windows Defender’s level of protection, or to make any valid comparisons with third-party AV apps; because Defender has such a large “user dependent” segment:
http://chart.av-comparatives.org/chart1.php?chart=chart2&year=2017&month=11&sort=0&zoom=2
But if you decide to stick with Defender, then you should definitely review the steps here for maximizing its protection level:
I still find Neil Rubenking’s “Free Antivirus” reviews helpful, although he definitely needs to update his comments on Windows Defender – it was actually removed from that old “baseline” status a long time ago:
https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2388652,00.asp
GreginMich