I don't have ANY other security software installed - corporate environment with SCCM Deployment.
This describes our environment as well. Only a subset of our computers are having this problem with Windows Defender. The only difference between these computers & our other computers is that the problem computers have Applocker configured while the others do not. I have dealt with the issue by almost completely disabling realtime protection because I cannot disable Applocker on these devices. We did not have this issue until 2 or 3 weeks ago. Nothing has changed in that time other than updates to Windows 10 (1703) & Office.