Hi K. Wester-Ebbinghaus,
Your correct, SSU stands for Servicing Stack Updates. We can simply call this the Quality updates, these are the monthly updates that include the fixes for recent known issues from the previous builds.
While LCU stands for Latest Cumulative Update. We can call this the Feature updates, usually released twice a year, and used to be called version upgrade. Feature update usually include new feature to Windows 10, not unlike the Quality update. Best example of Feature update is from Windows Anniversary Update (version 1603) to Windows Creators Update (version 1703).
You can also check the article below, this article best explains the overview of Windows as a service:
If you have further queries, we're just one post away.
Regards.