Well, so much for my guess.
The capabilities (or lack thereof) of your sound hardware are managed by the driver. My sound chip uses a driver from Realtek and here's where I find my equalizer:
Settings > Devices > Bluetooth and other devices > Related settings > Sound settings > double-click on your default sound device ( mine is Speakers/Headphones - Realtek audio) > switch to the Enhancements tab > put a check mark in Equalizer, and you'll see it.