Does TrustedInstaller.exe protect and prevent you from doing the following not just deleting a file or folder?:
answer: NO.
TrustedInstaller.exe actually is a "Windows Module Installer". You cannot kill it, even you can, it will start again. Its MAIN function is in charge of installation, removal and modification of Windows Updates and optional system components. It usually takes a lot of cpu when windows updating.
The file is located at C:\Windows\servicing\
If you found it in different directories, it may be malware, please make sure you have the latest virus signature in Microsoft defender and scan virus asap.
Anthony