Hi AJ. I'm Greg, an installation specialist, 10 years awarded Windows MVP, and Volunteer Moderator, here to help you.
When you reinstalled Windows 10 to UEFI, you should have booted the media as a UEFI device, deleted all partitions off the drive. This resets the drive to GPT format from MBR Legacy format. Then if you select the Unallocated Space and click Next, it auto-formats the needed partitions and begins install - making it foolproof.
I don't know how the System Reserved partition which is always for Legacy MBR, could have possibly remained because it has to be on the old MBR format - unless you used some trick to convert the drive underneath it. But those are notoriously unreliable methods. You really have to wipe the drive to reinstall Windows to UEFI. Wiping the drive is the bare minimum for a Clean Install, and is what makes it clean.
If there are complications now with GRUB having been on the drive, the only sure thing I can recommend is to advise you to unplug the other drive and wipe the drive with Diskpart Clean Command to clear old boot code, then reinstall as I outlined above: https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/85819-erase...
Due to all of these complications I cannot advise you to delete the System Reserved partition, even though it should not be there. If you want to save a System image of it first using free Macrium, to your data drive, then delete it using EISA command here: https://techjourney.net/delete-and-remove-prote..., you can see if it will boot and have he ability to replace it if necessary.
If it won't boot, or even if it will and the Linux issues is still present, I'd run the Macrium boot corrector off of it's bootable media which will sort out boot anomalies like this:
https://win10.guru/fix-windows-boot-issues-with...
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/85198-use-m...
If it won't start then you can reimage the System reserved partition back to where it was, then if necessary run the Boot corrector again.
I hope this helps. Feel free to ask back any questions and keep me posted. If you'll wait to rate whether my post resolved your problem, I will keep working with you until it's resolved.
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