Hi and thanks for reaching out. My name is William. I'm a Windows technical expert. I'll be happy to help you out today.
There is no easy answer to this. You need to employ some investigative skills. To start, try to identify the source of the bottleneck(s) using build in performance and process tools.
Parse the Event Viewer, specifically Applications and Services. I tend to focus on warnings and errors, but spotting the ones that are responsible for performance issues can be a bit challenging with all the "noise" in the Event Viewer. There is just so much happening and much of it is benign.
Use Task Manager. I assume you have already been over processor metrics and did not identify anything specifically consuming CPU cycles. However, if you have not, use Resource Monitor to view CPU usage on the individual cores for periodic but consistent spikes. In my work environment, i use to see this a lot and the normal TM will not catch those brief spikes.
Do not neglect the other aspects of resource contention: RAM, disk, and network IO usage. More often than not, mysterious performance issues for me manifested in disk queue filling up, and modern SSDs have not negated that still being a bottleneck. In TM and RM you can add additional columns of information. I tend to focus on excessive writes and also add Threads column to the Details tab in TM. I recently came across an issue with our enterprise security software that was bogging done some workstations because the number of threads from the responsible process had climbed into the millions but you would have never known as CPU performance was not indicating usage. Anything more than 100k threads can be considered a performance hindrance.
Also look at your startup programs list. This can be found in TM > Startup tab.
Another built in tool I have used is Performance Monitor. This has a bit of a learning curve but its not too terribly advanced. There are dozens of useful counters you can add. Again, I tend to focus on disk queue. This is a good read: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-s....
Other tools I use are Process Explorer from Sysinternals (now Microsoft) to look into process details. This is like TM on steroids.
Process Monitor, also from Sysinternals. This logs every operation imaginable on your computer. Capture a trace for a minute or so and try to build a profile using the various filters and isolate system resource usage to individual processes. Note, this can be a built overwhelming to use at first. I have many case examples on my blog: www.windowsexplored.com.
Autoruns. Yep, Sysinternals again. Examine in minute detail every program, process, module and component that is loaded on start up and logon.