Hi Hypno. I'm Greg, an eleven years awarded MVP, Volunteer Moderator, and Independent Advisor here to help you until this is resolved.
No. Not unless you open an attachment that downloads itself can an infection launch itself on your device. It must have been something else that was downloaded.
For this reason, I'd right click any attachments or downloads to scan with your anti-virus to be safest.
I would also install free Malwarebyes from https://www.malwarebytes.com/mwb-download/ which is by far the best on-demand scanner to do these right click scans, and periodically scan your entire system. Enable root-kit scans in Scan Settings, disable the real time trial in Account Settings. There is no need to buy it unless you get regularly infected. Safe browsing can prevent this.
I hope this helps. Based on what you report back I can answer any questions and may have other steps to perform. If you'll wait to rate whether my post was helpful, I will keep working with you until it's resolved.
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