SOLVED: For me anyway...
I just managed to get mine working on Windows 10. Not sure if it will work for everyone, but seeing how we haven't gotten answers from MS on this, here is what I did.
Like most of you, the AirPods (gen 2 in my case) are paired and connected fine. If I have external speakers on and talk into my AirPod mics, that part works. However, Video, Music, and Game audio was not. After reading a few things online including this thread, I realized the whole time I was trying to "Set Default" on the AirPods for playback... I was picking the wrong one. When I paired them, 2 devices showed up under the Playback tab... "AirPods Stereo" and "AirPods Hands-Free AG Audio". Seeing the latter on the Recording tab, I assumed that was the Microphones on the AirPods. But it's actually both Recording and Playback. It seems "AirPods Stereo" isn't doing anything other than showing up in the Playback list.
Solution for me: Change the "AirPods Hands-Free AG Audio" to Default.
Everything worked after that. So ignore that "AirPods Stereo" device and set the default on both the Playback and Recording tabs to "AirPods Hands-Free AG Audio".
I hope this helps at least 1 of you out. I'm attaching a screenshot pointing to the correct device.