Hi Dominik. I'm Greg, 10 years awarded Windows MVP, specializing in Installation, Performance, Troubleshooting and Activation, here to help you.
- See if you can System Restore to a point before the problem started:
https://www.windowscentral.com/how-use-system-r...
System Restore is your first line of defense and can take you back to a point before a problem began like a time machine. If it doesn't help then you can undo it. Read about it first in the tutorial above and then try restoring to just before this started. If System Restore is not enabled on C drive do that now so it's available in the future.
If the problem repeats or System Restore doesn't work then check which Windows Updates were installed at Settings > Update & Security > Windows Updates > Update History, uninstall them there or System Restore again, then immediately check for and block the Updates with the Hide Updates tool explained here: https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/8280-hide-s...
If necessary System Restore and Uninstall Updates can also be done from the Repair Mode accessed one of these ways: https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/2294-advanc...
- Right click Start button to open Task Manager, show More Details, then choose Processes tab, scroll down to Windows Processes, then further down almost to the bottom to Windows Explorer. Right click to Restart Explorer, then Restart PC.
- Try these fixes for Explorer Crash/Restart loop:
https://windows101tricks.com/fix-windows-explor...
https://superuser.com/questions/1406676/windows...
https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/for...
https://www.reddit.com/r/techsupport/comments/d...
https://www.reddit.com/r/Windows10/comments/er6...
https://www.reddit.com/r/WindowsHelp/comments/q...
https://www.tenforums.com/general-support/13996...
https://forums.techguy.org/threads/windows-expl...
- If nothing else works then do a Repair Install, by installing Media Creation Tool, open tool and choose to Upgrade Now. This reinstalls Windows while keeping files, programs and most settings in place, is the most stable method to advance to the latest version, and solves most problems. Tutorial here: https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/fix-windows...
I hope this helps. Feel free to ask back any questions. Please report back results for all steps given so I know what else to suggest if necessary.
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